Ülo Sooster

Moscow

1965

At the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, there is an exhibition of contemporary graphics from Belgium, followed by an exhibition of contemporary Polish painting.

Exhibitions of artists whose works are rarely shown officially take place in scientific institutions. A few examples include:

At the House of Culture of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, there are exhibitions of works by the "Movement" group, Eric Bulatov, Vyacheslav Kalinin, and Eduard Zelinin.

At the Institute of Physical Problems, the artist Oleg Tselkov exhibits his work.

At the Institute of Biophysics, Vladimir Yankilevsky shows his works, followed by Lev Kropivnitsky and Mikhail Chernyshev.

Exhibitions of Soviet nonconformist artists are opening in other countries. A few examples include:

Anatoly Zverev – Paris, Geneva.

Ernst Neizvestny – Prague, London, Belgrade, Vienna.

Works by Ülo Sooster are featured in exhibitions at galleries in Warsaw, the city of Zielona Góra, the Italian city of L’Aquila, and the Czech city of Ústí nad Orlicí.

Catalogue of the exhibition "Alternative attuali 2"

1965

From the memoirs of artist Ilya Kabakov: “For two years, Sooster and I were in a studio on Malye Kamenshchiki, but in the fall of 1964, they began to demolish that building, and a compassionate manager from the housing office moved us to another basement, which was just as dark and damp, in a two-story building opposite the Mayakovsky Museum in Taganka. At that time, Gena Aygi was working in that museum. In general, this museum was a refuge for all the persecuted talented unfortunate souls; they held 'progressive' exhibitions there. I remember a small exhibition of Malevich's work in '64 or '65. Our studio became livelier due to this proximity, especially during exhibitions and evenings organized by the museum.

We had two low rooms here; Sooster was in the front room, and I was in the back.”

Ülo continued to illustrate books and worked for the magazine “Knowledge is Power.”

"Knowledge is Power". 1964. No. 7
"Knowledge is Power". 1964. No. 6
"Knowledge is Power". 1964. No. 9

Invited as a set designer for the film "Man and Atom," directed by Kirill Dombrovsky, "Tsentrnauchfilm."

Completed the stage graphic sheets "Falling Woman" and "Woman, Mechanism, and Butterflies."

Langev naine. 1965. pliiats paber
Falling Woman. 1965
Woman, Machinery and Butterflies. 1965

The artworks of Ülo Sooster were sent abroad: to Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Italy. In the city of L’Aquila, the exhibition “Alternative attuali 2” was held, among the participants were artists from the USSR, specifically from Moscow.

No, they could not go to Italy; the artists lived behind the "Iron Curtain." However, their works overcame the barriers.

“All artists were divided into groups, as if united by a common direction in their creativity. From the perspective of the exhibition organizers, we fit quite well into the ranks that had formed in contemporary world art by that time. Thus, Sooster ended up in the section 'Symbolic Magic'…” (From the recollections of artist Anatoly Brusilovsky).

a close-up of a document
From the exhibition catalogue "Alternative attuali 2"
From the exhibition catalogue "Alternative attuali 2"
From the exhibition catalogue "Alternative attuali 2"

1966

In November 1966, The Sunday Times Magazine published an article that stunned its readers. There is unofficial art in the Soviet Union. And what art it is! English critic John Berger visited Moscow, toured artists' studios, and met with Ülo Sooster among others.

"He says very little. He looks friendly but detached. Dreams cannot be seen through the eyes. He is a man whose life continues independently of what he does or says. He spent several years in prison. He works very slowly, and over time the texture of the paint becomes increasingly complex until it begins to resemble the surface of a rock covered with acorn shells—the very shells from which, as was once believed, a sea mollusk hatches. His themes include enormous eggs, juniper trees, and parts of the female body. One of his paintings, which seems as intricate, natural, and mysterious as a starfish, depicts only a vagina, urethra, and anus. The often-quoted axiom that an artist (or a certain type of artist) is someone who sees something as if for the first time seems very fitting for him. But this axiom is misleading because talent is never spontaneous—it is achieved.

Some of his drawings are satirical... Suddenly, when Jean Mor photographs the drawings, he turns and poses. In his mouth is a third eye, glassy. I don’t think he aims to shock. But he needs to share his sense of wonder at what he has discovered in solitude."

a newspaper article with pictures of a man and a man

1966

The relocation of the family from the house on Krasina Street to a modern apartment on the outskirts of Moscow, in Aleushkino. “Tuesdays” are becoming history.

“This second studio also had to be left behind with Sooster, as the building was being demolished or taken for an enterprise. Once again, we went to plead with the housing manager, and she gave us a new space on Bolshie Kamenshchiki, in the same area,” recalls Ilya Kabakov. “But this studio was absolutely terrible. It was almost entirely below ground, dark, and tiny, and Ülo, who constantly lived and slept in the studio, began to deteriorate, despite his iron health. Nevertheless, we spent the entire winter of 66/67 in it, in impossible cramped conditions and dampness…”

"I remember, Ernst Neizvestny brought correspondents from The Sunday Times to that basement. They photographed our works with Ülo and made the first magazine selection, which featured Ernst, Yankilevsky, Sooster, and others (the magazine is with Yankilevsky). Reproductions of my Queen of Flies and The Boy were included. The Boy was kept by Ülo and me in the little room of our basement, filled with trash, papers, and all sorts of junk."

Illustration of Science Fiction – a separate chapter in Sooster’s work.

"Eureka! – he shouts. – I’ll illustrate science fiction! After all, neither Khrushchev, nor Furtseva, nor Moscow Artists’ Union have been to those worlds, so I’ll draw as I wish!" (from Lidia Sooster’s memoirs).

The art editor of the publishing house "Mir" and a friend of Ülo, Yuri Maksimov, believed that Sooster became "the creator of a unique language for interpreting foreign science fiction. He brought new plastic ideas into book graphics of the 1960s. I won’t even mention that in the 13 years he was able to work, during which he established himself as an artist, he created what other artists spend their whole lives working on, often without success, sometimes never even coming close to their goal. All of Sooster's work, from his very first steps, is a large and original phenomenon in art, whether it be painting, easel graphics, or book illustration. The discovery of Sooster for everyone continues.”

According to art historian Eha Komissarov, “the chapter of science fiction in Sooster's work is still unexplored, despite the fact that in Russia, Sooster was known to the general public primarily as a science fiction illustrator. This was due to books by Isaac Asimov, Stanislaw Lem, and others, published with a circulation of 100,000 copies, which rapidly spread his whimsical graphics. Most of these drawings are stored in Tartu, awaiting their researcher."

Sketch for Fantasy. 1960s
Hogbenite perekond. Illustratsioon G. Kuttneri ulmelugude kogumikule “Robot Ülemeelik”, 1964-65 Värviline tint, paber 35 x 21,3 cm
The Hogben Family. Illustration for the collection of fantasy stories by H. Kuttner. 1960s
Sketch for Fantasy. 1960s
Cover of A. Asimov's book "The Martian Way." 1966
Foreword by the Strugatsky brothers.
Cover of R. Bradbury's book "Dandelion Wine." 1967

ooster's works are featured in the exhibitions '16 Artists from Moscow' in Poland, in Sopot and Poznań.

Finished several geometric junipers with reliefs.

Three Green Junipers. 1966
Forms. 1966
Junipers on Blue Background. 1966

1967

At the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, there is an exhibition of Picasso's graphics and ceramics.

At the "Druzhba" club, there is an exhibition of twelve informal artists organized by Alexander Glezer. The exhibition is closed by the authorities two hours after its opening. Glezer holds a press conference for foreign journalists.

The establishment of Alexander Glezer's "Home Museum" features the work of Ülo Sooster.

At the Cultural Center of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, there is an evening dedicated to the works of Alexander Solzhenitsyn.

Exhibitions of nonconformist artists' works are taking place abroad one after another. Sooster's works participate in the "Moscow Artists" exhibition at the II Segna Gallery in Rome.

Yuri Sobolev in the "Blue Bird" Café

1967

From the memories of Ilya Kabakov: “I don’t remember how we spent that winter of ’66/67... One morning I came to the studio, and Ülo wasn’t there. I sat down at the table, but instead of drawing, I somehow got up and just went for a walk, as they say, wherever my eyes looked. It was a wonderful sunny morning. I walked up the boulevards to Sretensky Boulevard… The house I ended up in, the ‘Russia’ house, was indeed a building where studios were being constructed in the attic… The next day I convinced Sooster to also start building next to me; there were still free pieces of attic space.”

From the memories of Lidia Sooster: “... and my husband rushed to Estonia to make money. Almost all the expenses were covered by his father and stepmother Linda, the chairwoman of the collective farm. The missing money Ülo borrowed from his sister Meedi and also from cousins.”

Happening. In Sooster's studio
Happening. In Sooster's studio
Happening. In Sooster's studio

Ülo was happy with his life in the studio; he said, “I am now in paradise; I can smell the paint and the solvent—these are the most fantastic smells, like good French perfumes for a woman, and in my soul, exotic birds sing... I am so happy; I will paint a great many pictures of junipers, the sea, and fish on new materials that can withstand multilayered textures—on cardboard and chipboard. I am creating Estonian art here in Moscow.”

Egg (Embryo). 1967-68
Torso. 1967

Moskvas käivad eesti kunstnikud, kes kuuluvad ANK-64 rühma (Tõnis Vint, Juri Arrak ja teised).

Juri Arrak recalled, “Thanks to Ülo Sooster, we met other Moscow artists who were making a name for themselves at that time—Yankilevsky, Ilya Kabakov, and others. He influenced me in that I began to draw diligently with ink... Before that, I had no idea that this could be done. He showed just one possibility. In the institute, such things were practically not taught in the 1960s. It wasn’t common to sit in a café and draw faces...—and suddenly, here is an Estonian artist living in Moscow, behaving differently from us—living... The Estonian artist is a temperamental, energetic nature. And he paints modern pictures.”

Yuri Sobolev, on the other hand, went to Tallinn for a jazz festival and took with him a folder of graphic sheets by Ülo Sooster, Ilya Kabakov, Vladimir Yankilevsky, and other artists. Thanks to the support of Estonian artists Valdur Ohakas and Tõnis Vint, an exhibition took place, which was also attended by well-known American musicians and leading music program hosts. Thus, largely thanks to Ülo Sooster, an interesting phenomenon emerged—a cultural bridge between Tallinn and Moscow.

1968

At the State Museum of Mayakovsky, personal exhibitions of Olga Rozanova and Marc Chagall are taking place. Here’s what the poet Gennady Aigi, who worked at the museum at the time, recalled: “For three days we were in a state of siege. The police cordoned off the museum. I remember a curious incident. They wouldn’t let me upstairs. But one policeman, out of curiosity, went to take a look and met Nikolai Ivanovich Khardzhiev, who explained to him the peculiarities of Chagall's painting. The policeman turned out to be such an interested and passionate person that he could be asked to secretly escort our friends.”

Exhibitions of "other art" are also taking place in scientific institutions, cafes, and even at the MOSH (Moscow Union of Artists).

Abroad, the works of Soviet nonconformist artists continue to be exhibited. In spring, Ülo's works are presented at the exhibition "New Moscow School" in Czechoslovakia, in the city of Ostrov nad Ohří.

On August 21, Soviet troops were introduced into Czechoslovakia. The "Prague Spring"—an attempt at democratic reforms—was crushed by tanks.

1968

The family moves to another apartment in the River Station metro area.

In the magazine Children's Literature, an article by Viktor Pivovarov about Sooster's work is published. “Look, I finally made it! Look!” Ülo joyfully rubbed his hands together; he was very pleased with the appearance of this small article and was extremely grateful to Vitya for drawing the readers' attention to him. (From the memories of Lydia Sooster).

“The artist seems to be searching for some ideal formula of nature, its centricity, a formula as complex as the shape of an egg. There is no contradiction for Sooster between what he does in his painting and what he does in his book. Choosing, for the most part, the realm of scientific and educational as well as science fiction literature, he develops his favorite themes in the book as well.” (From the article by Viktor Pivovarov).

Paintings with heavy relief are completed: “View of the Sea from the Windows,” “Egg Divided into Quarters,” “Winter Junipers,” and the surrealistic “Landscape with Eyes.”

View of the Sea from the Window. 1968
Egg Divided into Quarters. 1968
Landscape with Eyes. 1968

In September, the animated film "Glass Harmonica" was completed. The director was Andrei Khrzhanovsky, the set designers were Ülo Sooster and Yuri Sobolev, the screenwriter was Gennady Shpalikov, and the composer was Alfred Schnittke.

After a two-week screening, it was banned. The film's plot was too similar to the current political realities—the events in Czechoslovakia in 1968. Director Andrei Khrzhanovsky was drafted into the army. The film lay on the shelf for 20 years.

"The film was built on the transformation of images from world painting. People enchanted by Magritte's indifferent 'man in a bowler hat,' grotesquely ugly faces from medieval art—Bosch, Bruegel, Arcimboldo, and the horrors of Goya—were transformed into beautiful faces from the canvases of Renaissance artists: Dürer, Pinturicchio, and El Greco. The music played on the glass harmonica made people sublime and beautiful, but the authorities killed the musician—and the city again became a mass of monsters, until many years later a new musician with a glass harmonica would come."

After the premiere of "The Glass Harmony."
After the premiere of "Attention, Wolves!"
After the premiere of "The Glass Harmony."
Multimedia artist Valery Ugarov in Ülo's studio
After the premiere of "The Glass Harmony."

1969

At the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, exhibitions of works by Henri Matisse and graphics by Giacomo Manzù are taking place.

Mandatory censorship has been introduced for all exhibitions held in Moscow, enforced by the Main Directorate of Culture of the Moscow City Council.

The geography of exhibitions for Soviet nonconformist artists abroad is expanding. Ülo Sooster's works are being exhibited in galleries in Florence, Frankfurt, and Stuttgart.

In the courtyard of the house on Krasina. From left to right: Meedi with Tenno, Lidia with Andrei Radkevich in her arms, Ülo.
Egg. Etching 1965

1969

"Ülo made his second animated film with director Efim Hamburg, who offered him a job as a set designer. The film was called 'Attention! Wolves.' Ülo was very displeased with the plot and agreed to work only reluctantly, solely due to financial constraints. However, the team was excellent once again...

In his life, Ülo was quite eccentric and did not deviate from his rules at the studio. The staff of 'Soyuzmultfilm' still remembers how he walked around the studio barefoot, how he once stuck his face and hands into a copying machine, and how he smoked both where it was allowed and where it was not. Ülo had a significant impact on young artists and animators regarding avant-garde views on art and creative freedom. The company was warm and friendly – both in work and, to be frank, in drinking." (From the memories of Lydia Sooster).

Face Scan of Ülo. 1969
Hand Scan of Ülo. 1969
Face Scan of Ülo. 1969

Theatre Director Leonid Kheifitz offered to design the production of the play "Krechinsky's Wedding" at the Maly Theatre, but the staging was canceled.

He illustrated the book "Monologues" by Juhan Smuul. This was already the second collaboration with the Estonian writer. In 1967, "The Ice Book" was published.

"The publishing house 'Izvestia' suggested that Sooster illustrate 'The Ice Book' by Juhan Smuul. Ülo was very pleased—this was an interesting and honorable task for him," recalls the artist's wife. "Due to the growing popularity and the large amount of work being offered, he was trying to find more productive ways...

The drawings for 'The Ice Book' were ready, and it was necessary for Juhan Smuul himself to approve them and give his consent. Ülo rushed to his native Tallinn, to Smuul in the hospital where he was undergoing treatment. Juhan really liked the drawings; he approved everything, and Ülo hoped that their paths would cross again."

Cover of the book "Novels about Physics." 1969
Cover of "Ice Book" by Juhan Smuul. 1967
Cover of the book "Monologues" by Juhan Smuul. 1969

In 1969, a book by Vladimir Kartsev titled "Novellas about Physics" was published. "It told about the exciting events in the history of this science – the creation of nuclear weapons, the attempts to penetrate the secrets of the atom. Volodya Kartsev said that he could never have dreamed of a better illustrator for books about physics than Ülo." (From the memoirs of Lydia Sooster).

Illustrations for "The Ice Book" by Juhan Smuul. 1967
Illustrations for "The Ice Book" by Juhan Smuul. 1967
Illustrations for "The Ice Book" by Juhan Smuul. 1967

Sooster creates several zinc plates using the drypoint technique.

"In recent years, he even wanted to make etchings and at least support himself through them. He made quite a few. But where to distribute them, where to put them? And this idea also hung in the air." (From the memories of artist Ilya Kabakov).

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